Indian Dance
Dance in India has an unbroken tradition of over 2000 years.
Two main divisions of its forms are classical and folk. Classical dance forms are based on ancient dance discipline and
have rigid rules of presentation. Important among them are Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kathak, Manipuri, Kuchipudi and Odissi.
Folk dances
of India vary according to the
region and have no specific grammar. They fit in with the scheme of festivals
each region.
India’s contemporary classical dances trace their origin far
back in Indian history. Dance like any other aspect of Indian culture and
tradition has developed over thousands of years. It is a very influential art
form, for sculptures and pieces of literature from the past all depict some
form of dance. Classical Indian dances today trace their roots to a book called
the Natyasastra which forms the basis of all the performing arts today.
1 1. Bharatanatyam
Bharatanatyam
originated in Tamil nadu and was earlier knows as Daasiyattam. This dance form
has been handed down through the centuries by dance teachers (or gurus) called
nattuwanars and the temple dancers, called devadasis. In the sacred environment
of the temple these families developed and propagated their heritage. The
training traditionally took around seven years under the direction of the
nattuwanar who were scholars and persons of great learning.
Famous Dancers:
Bala Saraswati, C.V. Chandrasekhar, Leela Samson,
Mrinalini Sarabhai, Padma Subramanyam, Rukmini Devi, Sanyukta Panigrahi, Sonal
Mansingh, Yamini Krishnamurthi.
2. Kathak
Kathak
means ‘to tell a story’. This north Indian dance form is inextricably bound
with classical Hindustani music, and the rhythmic agility of the feet is
accompanied by the table or pakhawaj. Traditionally the stories were of Radha
and Krishna, in the Natwari style (as it was then called) but the Moghul
invasion of North India had a serious impact on the dance. The dance was taken
to Muslim courts and thus it became more entertaining and less religious in
content. More emphasis was laid on nritta, the pure dance aspect and less on
abhinaya (expression and emotion).
Famous dancers:
Bharati
Gupta, Birju maharaj, Damayanti Joshi, Durga das, Gopi Krishana, Kumudini Lakhia,
Sambhu Maharaj, Sitara Devi.
3. Kuchipudi
Kuchipudi derives its name from the
village. Kuchipudy (Kuchelapuram) in Andhra Pradesh from where it originated.
The dance drama that still exists today and can most closely be associated with
the Sanskrit theatrical tradition is Kuchipudi which is also known as Bhagavata
Mela Natakam. The actor sing and dance, and the style is a blend of folk and
classical.
Famous Dancers:
Josyula Setharamaiah,
Vempathi Chinna Sathym.
4. Manipuri
This dance style was
originally called jogai which means circular movement. In ancient texts, it has
been compared to the movement of the planets around the sun.
It is said that when
Krishna, Radha, and the gopis danced the Ras Leela, Shiva made sure that no one
disturbed the beauty of the dancing. Parvati, the consort of Lord Shiva also
wished to see this dance, so to please her he chose the beautiful area of
Manipur and re-enacted the Ras Leela.
Hundreds of centuries
later, in the 11th century, during the reign of Raja Loyamba, prince
Khamba of the Khomal dynasty and Princes Thaibi of the Maiarang dynasty
re-enacted the dance and it became known as Lai-Haraoba, the most ancient dance
of Manipur.
Famous Dancers:
Guru Bipin Sinha,
Jhaveri Sisters, Nayana Jhaveri, Nirmala Mehta, Savita Mehta.
5. Odissi
Odissi, the dance
form from Orissa, is supposed to be the oldest surviving classical dance form
from India. Odissi is based on the popular devotion to Lord Krishna and the
verses of the Sanskrit play Geet Govinda are used to depicting the love and
devotion to God. The Odissi dancers use their head, bust, and torso in soft
flowing movements to express specific moods and emotions.
The form is curvaceous, concentrating on the
tribhang or the visions of the body into three parts, head, bust, and torso,
the mudras and the expressions are similar to those of Bharatnatyam. Odissi performances
are replete with lores of the eighth incarnation of Vishnu, Lord Krishna.
Famous Dancers:
Debaprasad Das,
Dhirendra Nath Pattnaik, Indrani Rahman.
इस लेख को पढ़ने के लिए :https://queriescornerhindi.blogspot.com/2020/07/blog-post.html
इस लेख को पढ़ने के लिए :https://queriescornerhindi.blogspot.com/2020/07/blog-post.html
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